Which term describes political realism focusing on power rather than ideals?

• A. Liberalism
• B. Idealism
• C. Realpolitik
• D. Communism

Answer: (C)

Realpolitik is about politics grounded in practical power and national interests rather than lofty moral aims. It treats foreign policy like a calculation of what will keep a state secure and influential, using alliances, pressure, and pragmatic choices even if they contradict ideals. Historically, it shows up in 19th-century Europe when leaders weighed shifting alliances and realpolitik-style moves to maintain a favorable balance of power, rather than pursuing universal moral goals.

Liberalism centers on rights, democracy, and institutions; idealism emphasizes ethical goals and international norms; communism analyzes society through class struggle and aims for a classless system. Realpolitik’s focus on power and pragmatism is what sets it apart.